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Official Title
A Phase II Randomized Trial of Adjuvant Therapy With Pembrolizumab After Resection of Recurrent/Second Primary Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma With High Risk Features
Phase
Phase 2
Sponsor
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Enrollment
188
Timeline
Apr 2021 → Jun 2029
About This Study
This phase II trial studies the effect of pembrolizumab alone compared to the usual approach (chemotherapy \[cisplatin and carboplatin\] plus radiation therapy) after surgery in treating patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that has come back (recurrent) or patients with a second head and neck cancer that is not from metastasis (primary). Radiation therapy uses high energy radiation or protons to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Cisplatin is in a class of medications known as platinum-containing compounds. It works by killing, stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells. Carboplatin is also in a class of medications known as platinum-containing compounds. It works in a way similar to the anticancer drug cisplatin, but may be better tolerated than cisplatin. Carboplatin works by killing, stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Giving pembrolizumab alone after surgery may work better than the usual approach in shrinking recurrent or primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- 1Patient must be between 18 and 79 years of age
- 2Patient must have locoregionally recurrent or second primary HNSCC (oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx) in a previously radiated field
- 3Patient must have undergone surgery with gross total resection and must be randomized within 8 weeks of surgery
- 4Patients must have high risk disease defined as:
- 5Positive margins and/or extra nodal extension (ENE)
- 6Positive margins are defined as malignancy at or within 1 mm of the margin. High grade dysplasia (i.e. carcinoma in situ) at the margin is also considered positive
- 7ENE may be either gross or microscopic
- 8Patient must have a PD-L1 Combined Positive Score (CPS) \>= 1 in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) certified laboratory. Testing can be done locally as long as it is done in a CLIA certified laboratory. This testing must be on the tumor specimen from the resection of the patient's recurrent or second primary HNSCC
- 9Patient must have had prior radiation to the area of recurrent or second primary tumor. This is defined as \> 50% of the presurgical tumor volume having previously received a dose of \> 45 Gy as determined by the treating radiation oncologist
- 10Patient must have completed prior radiation a minimum of 6 months prior to randomization
- 11Patient must not have any evidence of distant disease based on baseline imaging done within 28 days prior to randomization
- 12Patient must not have received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for recurrent disease. If the patient received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy as part of initial upfront curative intent treatment (either as part of definitive non-surgical therapy or in the adjuvant setting) in the past, the last dosage of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy must have been given greater than one year prior to randomization
- 13Patient must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1
- 14Patient must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Patients with impaired decision-making capacity (IDMC) who have a legally authorized representative (LAR) or caregiver and/or family member available will also be considered eligible
- 15Patient must not be pregnant or breast-feeding due to the potential harm to an unborn fetus and possible risk for adverse events in nursing infants with the treatment regimens being used. All patients of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 14 days prior to randomization to rule out pregnancy. A urine or serum pregnancy test must be repeated within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of pembrolizumab or chemotherapy if the test done for eligibility/randomization is done outside of this 72 hour window. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required. A patient of childbearing potential is someone, regardless of whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has achieved menarche at some point, 2) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 3) has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
- 16Patient must not expect to conceive or father children by using by using accepted and effective method(s) of contraception or by abstaining from sexual intercourse while on study treatment, and continue for 120 days after the last dose of study treatment
- 17Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1,500/mcL (obtained =\< 28 days prior to protocol randomization)
- 18Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL (obtained =\< 28 days prior to protocol randomization)
- 19Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained =\< 28 days prior to protocol randomization)
- 20Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 3.0 x institutional ULN (obtained =\< 28 days prior to protocol randomization)
- 21Creatinine clearance \> 30 ml/min using the Cockcroft-Gault formula (obtained =\< 28 days prior to protocol randomization)
- 22Patient must not have a current active infection that requires systemic treatment at time of randomization
- 23Patient must not have a history of non-infectious pneumonitis requiring steroids within 3 years prior to randomization
- 24Patient must not have a history of solid organ transplant or stem cell transplant
- 25Patient must not be on immunosuppressive medication within 7 days prior to randomization, EXCEPT for the following: a) intranasal, inhaled, topical steroids, or local steroid injection (e.g., intra-articular injection); b) systemic corticosteroids at physiologic doses =\< 10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent; c) steroids as premedication for hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., CT scan premedication)
- 26Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional classification. Patients with New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure are not eligible
- 27Patient must not have received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug. Examples of live vaccines include, but are not limited to, the following: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella/zoster (chicken pox), yellow fever, rabies, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), and typhoid vaccine. Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally killed virus vaccines and are allowed; however, intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., FluMist \[registered trademark\]) are live attenuated vaccines and are not allowed
- 28Patient must not have severe hypersensitivity (\>= grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients
- 29Patient must not have an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past 2 years (i.e., with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered a form of systemic treatment and is allowed
- 30Patient must not have a known psychiatric or substance abuse disorder that would interfere with the participant's ability to cooperate with the requirements of the study
- 31Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial as long as they have not been HIV-infected with a history of Kaposi sarcoma and/or multicentric Castleman disease
- 32Patient must not have a known history of hepatitis B (defined as hepatitis B surface antigen \[HBsAg\] reactive) or known active hepatitis C virus (defined as HCV ribonucleic acid \[RNA\] \[qualitative\] is detected) infection
- 33NOTE: No testing for hepatitis B and hepatitis C is required unless mandated by a local health authority
Locations
170 sites participating in this study
Emory Proton Therapy Center
Atlanta, Georgia 30308
James E. Bates
Emory University Hospital Midtown
Atlanta, Georgia 30308
James E. Bates
Emory University Hospital/Winship Cancer Institute
Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.govView on ClinicalTrials.gov →